Transfusion transmitted infections
To evaluate and quantify HCV RNS at a low titer of anti HCV in blood donors and the possible transmission by blood transfusion – Paper NAT testing
A. Chucklaira1, M. Dodwani, GN Gupta Santokhbai Charity Blood Bank, Jaipur, India
The study presents a positive sample of 44 low / marginal in the enhanced chemiluminescence (0.9 to 8), which is subjected to the quantification of HCV RNA to analyze the possibility of HCV transmission through blood, which is done in our blood bank. The prevalence of HCV antibodies in blood donors from the past years to estimate the highest rate of false positives in the ELISA and enhanced chemiluminescence explain only a small part of the EIA positive blood units for HCV transmission to the receiver. In our study produced SDMH, Blood Bank, Jaipur shows that 18% of low positive results were HCV positive HCV RNA ECI, and 82% were false positives. At low positive anti-HCV positive blood more false positive results. In such cases, HCV RNA (which can identify a false positive) should be the test of choice. To avoid this waste and understanding of the donor’s blood must be HCV RNA (NAT test) test of choice, the result can EIA was overlooked in this case.
Evaluation of the sensitivity of the three ELISA 4th generation HIV screening for I / II and the 3rd generation 4th generation ELISA assays NM Bhatnagar, Thaker PP, AS Agrawal, Lakshmi Mittal, MD Gajjar, BH Parmar
Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad, India
Background: Serological evidence of infection with HIV can get tested for HIV antigen and antibody in the serum of individuals suspected of HIV infection. To reduce the time window and to increase the sensitivity of the vessels, new screening test is developed simultaneously viewing the antigen (p24) and the antibody. Although there are many studies in the world to show that the new tests are more sensitive compared to previous generations in reducing the diagnostic window for a few days, the performance of tests of people who installed is checked.
Materials and Methods: A total of 717 donor samples have undergone both by the generation of 3 rd and 4 th generation ELISA assays and the results are compared. Among them, 5 samples of HIV reagent are serially diluted and tested by both ELISA assays.
The result: The results showed that the generation of 4 ELISA assays may see a lower level of antibodies to the 3 rd generation assays. In addition, three different tests of fourth-generation ELISA were compared for their performance showed equivocal performance.
Conclusion: Therefore, for the detection of HIV infection and principles established by ELISA 4th generation as a screening test should be mandatory in all blood banks to ensure the complete safety of blood.
Comparison of the gel particle immunoassay (website Do) in t.Pallidium particle agglutination (TP-on) and the VDRL test on samples of donors and patients in the diagnosis of syphilis
A. Joshi, K. Saluja on, Thakral B, the Sethi1 S., M. Biswal1, A. Jain, James R., N. Marwan
Department of Medical Microbiology and Medical Translation * PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
Background: Serological tests for treponemal antibodies are important for the diagnosis of syphilis in donors and patients. No treponemal tests such as VDRL or RPR, although sensitive to early syphilis, with no false positive, false negative reactions due to the prozone phenomenon and the lack of sensitivity to late infection. Treponemal tests such as the MHA-TP and TP-PA shows a high sensitivity for all stages of the disease than in early primary syphilis. The charge is introduced for the detection of infectious diseases, in addition to the red cell serology. Consisted of a microtube containing a gel matrix polymer particles and red sensitized with recombinant antigens TpN15, TpN17 TpN47 and ready to use suspension. We compared the results obtained from the website Do VDRL and TP-PA.
Materials and Methods: 70 samples, including 50 donors and 20 patients were tested reactive VDRL may again Serodia TP-PA test and that website Do DiaMed. Instant 10 microliters of serum or plasma is appropriate website Do pippetted funnel microtube and 50 microliters of vortex particles are added. This mixture was incubated at room temperature for 10 minutes and read the results to the eye.
Results: No 50 VDRL reactive donor samples with 86% (n = 43) were also positive in View localization, 10% (n = 5) were negative and 4% (n = 2) is debatable. 84% (n = 42) were positive in the TP-PA, 14% (n = 7) is negative, while the first is debatable. Of the 20 samples from patients with reactive VDRL 95% (n = 19) were positive and View localization and 5% (n = l) is negative. For example, donors website Do with a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 83.3% and a total predictive value was 95%. TP-PA interaction is 0.688. Overall sensitivity taking into account the 70 samples was 100% and 75% and overall predictive value was 97.05%. TP-PA interaction is 0.852.
Conclusion: View localization shows improved sensitivity compared to the TP-PA. Compared to TP-PA, a reaction time of 20 minutes is required and loads the sample is easier. Therefore, it can be a good choice for the detection of donors and patients with the detection of T. pallidum
Using NAT and enhanced chemiluminescence technology in screening blood donors for HCV, HIV and HBsAg
R. Menon, K. Marimuthu, R. Selvi Priyadharshini
Background: This study was undertaken to explore the utility of using two sensitive methods for detection of blood donors for transfusion transmitted diseases (TTD) marker in a blood bank to ensure blood safety.
Materials and methods: nucleic acid testing is performed using the Chiron PROCLEIX ULTRIO delicate glasses and test kits for HCV, HBV and HIV, VITROS chemiluminescence method was used to detect AHCV, aHIV and HBsAg. A total of 4,500 donors attending the blood bank at the Apollo Hospital project the same way.
Results: Of the results obtained, there are things which results in three samples, one of NAT positive but negative by ECI technique three, the other two no matter what the results were negative in the NAT, but positive, the chemiluminescence method, one of the two is positive for the VITROS AHCV and confirmed by RIBA HCV, and the other is confirmed positive for HBsAg VITROS. No one mentioned the difference for HIV at this time, between the two methods.
Conclusion: It is evident that any sensitive techniques can be used in isolation to ensure the safety of blood. Using NAT with a sensitive method for AHCV, HBsAg and aHIV may be useful in detecting the virus or antibodies, ensuring blood safety.
The prevalence, course and co-infection of infectious disease markers in blood donors
N. S. Ingole, A. Thakre, D. Joshi, N. Gangane
Department of Pathology, Mahatma Gandhi Medical Sciences Instituite Sevagram, India
Background: translation transmitted diseases (TTD) is a major challenge in transfusion services worldwide. This study was performed to determine the prevalence and trend and the interaction between HIV, HBsAg, HCV and VDRL positivity in the blood donor population in the district of Wardha.
Materials and Methods: Data for this study were obtained from registration of blood banks donors positive for TTD MGIMS, Sevagram choice of blood donations in the period from January 1, 2001 to June 2007. The screening for HIV I and II, HBsAg and anti-HCV was performed by ELISA and VDRL VDRL was performed by the diagnostic market for tulip.
Results: The rate of spread of HIV, HBsAg reactivity, HCV and VDRL proved 1.1,2.3,0.87 and 0.84 according to the order among the 26.603 total donors bled during the procedure. Statistical analysis of co-occurrence of TTD marker showed a significant positive correlation with HIV VDRL, but not in HBsAg and HCV. There was a significant reduction in the prevalence of HBsAg from 2001 to 2005 but increased again in the last two years due to the additional reactivity of HBsAg in replacement donors.
Conclusion: Despite the stringent criteria for donor selection and screening marker of TTD, the risk of transfusion after infection, so that the transfusion of blood or blood products should be done when it comes to the sum indicated.
Individual donor NAT, a global set standards for blood safety Makroo RN
Transfusion Medicine, Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals is New Delhi, India
Background: Transfusion-transmitted infections (TTI) can be transmitted through infected blood, much effort has been focused in recent years to reduce the global supply of translation. Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals NAT evaluated in 2005 with over 12,000 samples and began regular NAT detection from April 2006. With the success of this technology to the blood supply free of TTI, the other group of Apollo Hospitals, Apollo Hospitals Chennai as with Apollo Cancer Hospital and Apollo Hospital Bangalore Hospital implemented NAT.
Materials and methods: analysis and regular NAT NAT is performed using the Chiron Procleix ULTRIO glass of ESA in the Procleix system. The PROCLEIX ULTRIO assay is the first of many, a benefit, the method of high sensitivity detection of NAT for HIV-1, HCV and HBV.
Results: Evaluation NAT: Between June 2004 and January 2005, 12,224 samples were collected from eight unlinked different blood banks. With 12,224 samples of 8 cases of HIV NAT yield: 1, 1 HIV and HCV co-infection, and HBV 6. Was observed NAT yield for all three viruses was 1 in 1528. Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals New Delhi regular NAT: NAT activities were carried out in April 2006. With 49.419 samples were analyzed until October 2008, 13 cases of NAT yield: 5 HBV, HCV, one, three HBV (HBsAg neg but HBcAb POS), an HBV and HCV co-infection (HBsAg POS), an HIV- 1 – Co HBV infection (HIV AB and POS HBcAb) and 2 HCV (HBcAb POS). Was observed NAT yield for all three viruses was 1 in 3801. NAT activity in Apollo Hospitals Chennai: Chennai Apollo regular NAT implemented in January 2008. It is a centralized NAT detection is also used by Apollo Cancer Hospital and Apollo Hospital Bangalore. Among 11 154 samples were analyzed until October 5, 2008 HBV NAT yields were found. Rate was observed NAT yield of the three viruses was 1 in 2231.
Conclusion: NAT increase the safety of blood Apollo Group hospitals. Since its implementation has been no reported cases of transfusion-transmitted infection. This translates into greater confidence in our blood supply to the general public of the staff, blood bank. A total of 18 possible ITT was detected and intercepted two years or avoidance of approximately 30 potential cases of infection by different blood components. The experience of other countries like South Africa confirms the individual donor NAT ITT and to prevent the safest blood.
Trend of HIV infection in the blood bank of a tertiary referral hospital in South India
N. Reagan, M. Rajaiah, Purna MSC Nair, D. Daniel
Department of Medicine and Immunohematology translation of Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
Background: The prevalence of HIV positivity among the indigenous population of donors ranged from 0.08% to 3.87%. Improving the quality of donor detection kits available and more stringent help reduce the positivity of infectious diseases. Shows the trend of HIV infection in blood donors over 10 years in a tertiary referral hospital in southern India.
Objective: To analyze trends in HIV infection in blood donors over 10 years (April 1998 March 2008). To see if a growing number of voluntary donations and the introduction of pre-donation counseling had an impact on the trend of HIV infection of eligible donors.
Materials and methods: The results of HIV testing to all donors 1998-2008 were reviewed consecutive Western blot confirmatory. The correlation between increased voluntary donors and trend of HIV infection and also observed the effect of stringent donor selection.
Results: The study shows declining trends in HIV positivity in donors from 4.4 in 1998-1999 to 1.7 per1000 per 1,000 in 2007-2008. The percentage of voluntary donors showed a significant increase of 11% in 1998 to a maximum of 26% in 2007. The increase was contributed to the declining trend of HIV infection so strict advice reinforced pre donation in 2003-2004. The general positive ELISA was 769 (0.43%) and Western blot were positive 513 (0.29%), while 509 (99.22%) were HIV type I and 4 (0.78%) were HIV type II , respectively.
Conclusion: Although there is no overall reduction in overtime to HIV positivity, HIV prevalence among blood donors remains a concern. Although the most sensitive technique for detection of HIV, we must rely on the rigorous selection of donors by the accurate history taking to reduce the risk of transfusion transmission of HIV.
HIV seroconversion in multi-transfused thalassemic children who
S. Naseem, James RR, Marwaha S., A. Trehan, RK Marwaha
Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
Background: The transfusion transmitted infections (TTI) in patients with multiple transfusions, such as thalassemia remains a major challenge for the organization of blood transfusion in the world. Even with the advent of donor screening practices, reported incidence of TTI is reduced, but still can not be transmitted by the selection of suitable donor or during the window period. This study was conducted in order to determine the prevalence of HIV seropositivity in thalassemia patients receiving regular transfusions
Materials and Methods: The records of cases of thalassemia patients enrolled in the “translation Thalassemia Program” in the Advanced Paediatric Centre, PGIMER, were retrieved and reviewed.
Results: Under the “translation Thalassemia Program” which began in 1986, the total number of 339 thalassemic patients (239 men, 90 women) were included to date. The patient is receiving blood transfusions regularly between 15-28 days and about 6,000 filled cells are transfused red blood a year. All patients had received the first translation between the ages of 3-12 months. Regular review required for TTI – HIV, HBV and HCV was carried out at our institute and the detection of HIV began in 1994. In previous years, only 3 (0.8%) children tested positive for HIV. Of the 2 men and 1 woman, now ages 9, 14 and 18 years old and in addition to receiving regular blood transfusions, anti-retroviral therapy and no manifestation of HIV disease.
Conclusion: The prevalence of HIV infection is low, seroconversion in patients was 0.8%. The lack of seroconversion revealed by our results suggest that the practices currently used for the selection of products, and plasma donors used are safe. However, despite an established program for detection of HIV in 4 patients became HIV positive, which can be attributed to the transfusion of blood from donors during the window period (90 days by ELISA). In the most recent evidence of direct viral gene amplification [testing nucleic acid amplification (NAT)], the time window is short (9 days), the test will become a regular part of the selection of blood donors infectious in developed countries during the last decade.
Screening donated blood for malaria parasite pLDH-based test using the rapid malaria
P. Shrivastava, S. Kumar, SP Tanwar, S. Sarkania
ESI Hospital, the basal DaraPur, New Delhi, India
Background: Malaria is caused by the bite of infected female mosquitoes anophelese. Is also transmitted through blood transfusion. Tests of the malaria parasite in donated blood is mandatory under Drugs and Cosmetics Act XII of Part B of Schedule F. Blood bankers presence of many difficulties in meeting the criteria. We present our experience with a pLDH-based rapid test for malaria purpose.
Methods: All units of donated blood for malaria parasite detection using the best quick test. Thin blood smears and all positive cases were examined microscopically to correlate the results of rapid tests. Blood unit tested positive for malaria were discarded and the donors will be notified of the results.
Results: Total of 15 125 units are examined by the best quick test. Three units (0.02%) were positive, two for P. P. vivax and one of falciparum. Both instances of P. vivax was positive in the microscope, but P. falciparum was negative. None of the donors gave a history of fever or malaria during the pre-donation interview. The three donors were notified. Only one donor (PF +) to return. A new blood sample was taken which was positive for P. falciparum in better tasting. Microscopic examination of many slides revealed that the only way trophojoite one of the RBCs. He was referred to the medical OPD for malaria treatment.
Conclusion: These should consider transfusion-associated malaria in the differential diagnosis of a febrile illness after a blood transfusion in any patient. Although the incidence of malaria parasite in blood donors in our study is too low, reflecting that action should be taken to prevent infectious units entering the blood supply by improving testing procedures and awareness donor. You may need to use the rapid test accurate, sensitive and cost-effective malaria Blood Bank.
Spread of HIV I / II, HCV, HBsAg co-infection in blood donors
As Agra wal, NM Bhatnagar, Mr. Mittal, the Jambukiya JT, the Gajjar MD, BH Parmar
Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad, India
Background: Infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) virus is the most common cause of post transfusion hepatitis. However, the emergence of HIV infection more emphasis is given to control blood used in transfusions. Studies show that co-infection with HBV and HCV are often in Asia, as it is in Western countries, ranging from 10% to 15% in patients chronically infected with HBV. The high prevalence of HBV and HCV may lead to an increased risk of transmitting the virus through blood transfusion blood products, because we can not fully guarantee the absence of infection in blood donors of the connection through of serological tests used regular blood donors. We evaluated the prevalence of HBsAg, anti-HCV anti-HIV-I/II and co-infection in blood donors and replacement.
Objective: To investigate the prevalence of HIV-I/II, HCV, HBsAg co-infection in blood donors and replacement.
Methods: Prospective and retrospective study was conducted at the Department of IHBT, BJMC and Civil Hospital of Ahmedabad during the 1996 to 2008. Donors were selected according to common standards recommended by the National Aid Control.
Results: A total of 1, 80,000 blood donors were included in the study. Among donors, 782 were positive HIV-I/II, 357 HCV positive donors, and donors were HBsAg positive 1793. All samples from donors were tested by ELISA. Number of donors infected with 18.
Conclusion: This study emphasizes the need to continue a grant program effective screening to protect recipients of blood and keep transmitted diseases blood transfusion to a minimum. The presence of blood donors co-infected can be serious if transfused to the recipient in case of non-detection of window period. Recruitment and retention of volunteer donors are the key to a safe blood supply.
